The Volkhov Basin is located in the northern temperate zone, where solar radiation reaches the earth unevenly throughout the year. The summer days in the Volkhov catchment area are long, and the nights are short and bright — before the evening light has gone out, the morning light lights up the sky again. But in winter, it only starts to get light there around 10 a.m., and if the sky is cloudy, electric lights are on all day long in the houses. The light and radiation regime of the Volkhov basin is determined by geographical latitude, but the climate as a whole is also formed by the transfer of air masses, and they enter its territory from different directions. From the west, from the Atlantic, cyclones usually bring masses of humid air. In winter, their invasion is accompanied by thaws and heavy snowfall, in summer — cold weather and rain. Rains and snowfalls do not always indicate a cyclone. The weather in March 1977, for example, was cloudy, with rain and sleet, and very warm weather was caused by a powerful anticyclone. If humid air masses enter the territory of the Volkhov basin from the west, then dry air masses spread from the east, from the mainland. They are warm in summer and cold in winter. Cold, clear air always comes from the north, from the Arctic. Visibility improves with a northerly wind, and distant objects acquire such amazing clarity that it seems that you have been looking at the world through dusty glass until now — and now, finally, it has been washed. From the southwest, from the Mediterranean Sea, in summer, the breath of the tropics sometimes reaches the Volkhov basin. Dry, hot air usually comes from the south and southeast, from the mainland. The Volkhov basin covers 80,200 km2. Its area is small, it is 17 times smaller than the Volga basin. The territory of the Volkhov basin could easily accommodate European states such as Denmark, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.
From the south and from the east, the boundary of the Volkhov basin is the Valdai Upland. According to the geological structure, orographic and hydrographic characteristics, the Volkhov basin can be divided into two parts — the Ilmen-Volkhovskaya (Volkhovo-Lovatskaya) lowland and the Valdai upland. The Ilmen-Volkhov lowland, which is the bottom of an ancient lake-glacial reservoir, is composed of ribbon clays and sands. Its height above sea level is only 20-100 m. The flat surface of this section of the Volkhov basin, slightly elevated to the margins, is only partially diversified by hills and ridges of the terminal moraine. For beginners, clarity matters more than inflated numbers. Many onboarding guides include
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